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Picture you are building a house with a powerful laser. You set down the floor and put a 2' tall block of material on it. The first mask is the base pattern of the walls: the laser evaporates all the space between the walls (and some conduit troughs inside the walls). Then you lay down the next 3' block of material and use the next mask, which is ery similar but slightly different because it has window gaps, and burn away more interior space. The mask for the third 2' block differs in that it blocks evaporating the tops of door frames.


A chip has dfferent layers in a sorta analogous way: a single reticle is several layer masks, for burning off gate, insulator and wiring patterns. Some chips have many layers of wires. And they do this with picometer precision.


Number of states in our country minus the number of Supreme Court Justices?
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