Yeah, can you give a quick and dirty of how all that works. Is the UK one of those places where someone decides to call for an election and they aren't scheduled?
Simply, Parliament "sits" for 5 years…
So in practice a General Election has to be held before the 5 years expire.
The PM can go to the king and ask/recommend that Parliament be disolved and a GE called.
Usually these "snap elections" happen when the PM feels they have an excellent chance of gaining more seats — or when they feel their position is untenable.
The last does however require a PM and party with a sense of morality — basic right and wrong… in rather short supply these days in the Tory party.
This current sleazy lot seem destined to cling to power until they are forced to go to a GE when Parliament is dissolved 17 December 2024.
Right now it seems the Tories will throw one candidate after another at the Prime ministership until they have run through the whole of their back and front bench.
Seems like we are stuck with them until then.
Ya know?
As much as I hate to admit it, that sums up UK politics quite accurately. Christ.
Normally, a newly elected parliament sits for a period of five years.
Earlier, in fact, ever since the early 18th century, when a formal limit on the length of time an elected parliament could sit was enacted into law, it had been set at seven years.
However, some earlier parliaments had run for considerably longer again, (for example, on several occasions during the Middle Ages, also during Tudor times, and, most famously, (or notoriously) as recently as the 17th century, when the so-called "Long Parliament" sat for twenty years, from 1640-1660), often because a monarch would refuse to call them fearing challenges to his or her authority.
This remained the situation until it was amended by the Parliament Act of 1911, - part of the reforming legislation of those great pre-WW1 Liberal administrations - which reduced the maximum length that a parliament could sit - in other words, could be in existence from the time it was first elected - from seven to five years.
Under the Tory-Liberal coalition government that took office in 2010, at the instigation of the Liberals, a Fixed-Term Act, regulating not just the length of time parliaments could sit, but also setting into law the actual default date that elections could be called (as is the case in France, and the US, for example), was passed in 2011.
This meant that not only was the length of time a newly elected parliament could sit determined by law, but - barring two exceptions - the date of the next General Election was also firmly fixed by statute.
In practice, (barring a government collapse as a result of the passage of a vote of no confidence in parliament which could trigger a General Election, or a parliamentary majority of two thirds passing a motion in favor of an earlier election), this - the passage of the Fixed-Term Parliamentary Act - served to remove one of the Prime Minister's main discretionary powers, as, while the length of time an elected parliament was allowed to sit was regulated, until the Fixed-Term Act, there was nothing to prevent a Prime Minister dissolving parliament early and calling a General Election at any time during his or her term of office if (political or economic or circumstantial) conditions seemed propitious.
In the general election of 2019, the Conservatives made it clear that, if returned to office, they intended to repeal the Fixed-Term Parliamentary Act, (Mr Johnson disliked anything that served to curb his powers, inclinations, proclivities, or appetites), and this (the repeal) received Royal Assent in May 2022, which meant it had become enacted into law.
Thus, the power of the Prime Minister to dissolve parliament at a time of their choosing, has been restored.